var q medicalterminologymadeeasyfourtheditionAlternative medicine Wikipedia. Alternative medicine. Complementary alternative medicine CAM, complementary medicine, heterodox medicine, integrative medicine, new age medicine, unconventional medicine, unorthodox medicineThey told me if I took 1. I should be quite another thing in the morning, an early 1. Morisons Vegetable Pills, an alternative medicine supplement. Alternative medicine or fringe medicine consists of practices claimed to have the healing effects of medicine but which are disproven, unproven, impossible to prove, or are excessively harmful in relation to their effect and where the scientific consensus is that the therapy does not, or cannot, work because the known laws of nature are violated by its basic claims or where it is considered so much worse than conventional treatment that it would be unethical to offer as treatment. Alternative therapies or diagnoses are not part of medicine or science based healthcare systems. Alternative medicine consists of a wide variety of practices, products, and therapies ranging from those that are biologically plausible but not well tested, to those with known harmful and toxic effects. Contrary to popular belief, significant expense is paid to test alternative medicine, including over 2. United States government. 1 Almost none show any effect beyond that of false treatment. Perceived effects of alternative medicine may be caused by placebo decreased effect of functional treatment and therefore potentially decreased side effects and regression toward the mean where improvement that would have occurred anyway is credited to alternative therapies or any combination of the above. Alternative treatments are not the same as experimental medicine or traditional medicine, although much of the latter is alternative when used today. Alternative medicine has grown in popularity and is used by a significant percentage of the population in many countries. While it has extensively rebranded itself from quackery to complementary or integrative medicine it promotes essentially the same practices. Newer proponents often suggest alternative medicine be used together with functional medical treatment, in a belief that it complements improves the effect of, or mitigates the side effects of the treatment. There is no evidence showing they do so, and significant drug interactions caused by alternative therapies may instead negatively influence treatments, making them less effective, notably cancer therapy. Despite being illegal to market alternative therapies for cancer treatment in most of the developed world, many cancer patients use them. Alternative medical diagnoses and treatments are not taught as part of science based curricula in medical schools, and are not used in any practice where treatment is based on scientific knowledge or proven experience.
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Alternative therapies are often based on religion, tradition, superstition, belief in supernatural energies, pseudoscience, errors in reasoning, propaganda, fraud, or lies. Regulation and licensing of alternative medicine and health care providers varies between and within countries. Alternative medicine is criticized for being based on misleading statements, quackery, pseudoscience, antiscience, fraud, or poor scientific methodology. Promoting alternative medicine has been called dangerous and unethical. Testing alternative medicine that has no scientific basis has been called a waste of scarce research resources. Critics state there is really no such thing as alternative medicine, just medicine that works and medicine that doesnt, and the problem with the idea of alternative treatments in this sense is that the underlying logic is magical, childish or downright absurd. It has been strongly suggested that the very idea of any alternative treatment that works is paradoxical, as any treatment proven to work is by definition medicine. Alternative therapies often make bombastic claims, and frequently include anecdotes from healthy looking individuals claiming successful treatment. Practitioners of complementary medicine usually discuss and advise patients as to available alternative therapies. Patients often express interest in mind body complementary therapies because they offer a non drug approach to treating some health conditions. 2clarification neededIn addition to the social cultural underpinnings of the popularity of alternative medicine, there are several psychological issues that are critical to its growth. One of the most critical is the placebo effect a well established observation in medicine. 3 Related to it are similar psychological effects, such as the will to believe,4cognitive biases that help maintain self esteem and promote harmonious social functioning,4 and the post hoc, ergo propter hoc fallacy. 4MarketingeditEdzard Ernst, a leading authority on scientific study of alternative treatments and diagnoses, and the first university professor of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Here in 2. 01. 2, promoting his book Trick or Treatment co written with Simon Singh. CAMs popularity may be related to other factors that Edzard Ernst mentioned in an interview in The Independent Why is it so popular, then Ernst blames the providers, customers and the doctors whose neglect, he says, has created the opening into which alternative therapists have stepped. People are told lies. Complete Technical Acronyms, Glossary Definitions for PC, SAN, NAS, QA, Testing, HDTV, Wireless, Linux, Embedded, Networks, Video, Digital, pharma, Unix, Video. There are 4. 0 million websites and 3. They mislead cancer patients, who are encouraged not only to pay their last penny but to be treated with something that shortens their lives. At the same time, people are gullible. It needs gullibility for the industry to succeed. %2C445%2C286%2C400%2C400%2Carial%2C12%2C4%2C0%2C0%2C5_SCLZZZZZZZ_.jpg)
It doesnt make me popular with the public, but its the truth. 5Paul Offit proposed that alternative medicine becomes quackery in four ways by recommending against conventional therapies that are helpful, promoting potentially harmful therapies without adequate warning, draining patients bank accounts, or by promoting magical thinking. 6A failure of mainstream medicineedit. Friendly and colorful images of herbal treatments may look less threatening or dangerous when compared to conventional medicine. This is an intentional marketing strategy. In a paper published in October 2. The publics enthusiasm for complementary and alternative medicine amounts to a critique of mainstream medicine, Ernst described these views in greater detail and concluded CAM is popular. An analysis of the reasons why this is so points towards the therapeutic relationship as a key factor. Providers of CAM tend to build better therapeutic relationships than mainstream healthcare professionals. In turn, this implies that much of the popularity of CAM is a poignant criticism of the failure of mainstream healthcare. We should consider it seriously with a view of improving our service to patients. 7Social factorseditAuthors have speculated on the socio cultural and psychological reasons for the appeal of alternative medicines among the minority using them in lieu of conventional medicine. Woman Wikipedia. A woman is a femalehuman being. The term woman is usually reserved for an adult, with the term girl being the usual term for a female child or adolescent. The term woman is also sometimes used to identify a female human, regardless of age, as in phrases such as womens rights. Women with typical genetic development are usually capable of giving birth from puberty until menopause. With regard to gender, a woman may also be a person whose sex assignment does not align with their gender identity,1 or those who have sexual characteristics that do not fit typical notions of male or female intersex. Etymology. The spelling of woman in English has progressed over the past millennium from wfmann2 to wmmann to wumman, and finally, the modern spelling woman. 3 In Old English, wfmann meant female human, whereas wr meant male human. Mann or monn had a gender neutral meaning of human, corresponding to Modern English person or someone however, subsequent to the Norman Conquest, man began to be used more in reference to male human, and by the late 1. The medial labial consonants f and m in wfmann coalesced into the modern form woman, while the initial element, which meant female, underwent semantic narrowing to the sense of a married woman wife. It is a popular misconception5 that the term woman is etymologically connected to womb. Womb is actually from the Old English word wambe meaning stomach modern German retains the colloquial term Wampe from Middle High German for potbelly. 67Biological symbol. The symbol for the planet and goddess Venus or Aphrodite in Greek is the sign also used in biology for the female sex. 8 It is a stylized representation of the goddess Venuss hand mirror or an abstract symbol for the goddess a circle with a small equilateral cross underneath. The Venus symbol also represented femininity, and in ancient alchemy stood for copper. Alchemists constructed the symbol from a circle representing spirit above an equilateral cross representing matter. Terminology. Womanhood is the period in a females life after she has passed through childhood and adolescence, generally around age 1. The word woman can be used generally, to mean any female human or specifically, to mean an adult female human as contrasted with girl. The word girl originally meant young person of either sex in English 9 it was only around the beginning of the 1. The term girl is sometimes used colloquially to refer to a young or unmarried woman however, during the early 1. In particular, previously common terms such as office girl are no longer widely used. Conversely, in certain cultures which link family honor with female virginity, the word girl is still used to refer to a never married woman in this sense it is used in a fashion roughly analogous to the obsolete English maid or maiden. Referring to an unmarried female human as a woman may, in such a culture, imply that she is sexually experienced, which would be an insult to her family. citation neededThere are various words used to refer to the quality of being a woman. The term womanhood merely means the state of being a woman, having passed the menarche femininity is used to refer to a set of typical female qualities associated with a certain attitude to gender roles womanliness is like femininity, but is usually associated with a different view of gender roles femaleness is a general term, but is often used as shorthand for human femaleness distaff is an archaic adjective derived from womens conventional role as a spinner, now used only as a deliberate archaism muliebrity is a neologism derived from the Latin meant to provide a female counterpart of virility, but used very loosely, sometimes to mean merely womanhood, sometimes femininity and sometimes even as a collective term for women. citation neededMenarche, the onset of menstruation, occurs on average at age 1. Many cultures have rites of passage to symbolize a girls coming of age, such as confirmation in some branches of Christianity,1. Judaism, or even just the custom of a special celebration for a certain birthday generally between 1. Quinceaera of Latin America. History. The earliest women whose names are known through archaeology include Neithhotep c. BCE, the wife of Narmer and the first queen of ancient Egypt. 1. Merneith c. 3. 00. BCE, consort and regent of ancient Egypt during the first dynasty. She may have been ruler of Egypt in her own right. 1. Merit Ptah c. 2. BCE, also lived in Egypt and is the earliest known female physician and scientist. 1. Peseshet c. 2. 60. BCE, a physician in Ancient Egypt. 1. Puabi c. 2. 60. 0 BCE, or Shubad queen of Ur whose tomb was discovered with many expensive artifacts. Other known pre Sargonic queens of Ur royal wives include Ashusikildigir, Ninbanda, and Gansamannu. 1. Kugbau circa 2,5. BCE, a taverness from Kish chosen by the Nippur priesthood to become hegemonic ruler of Sumer, and in later ages deified as Kubaba. Tashlultum c. 2. BCE, Akkadian queen, wife of Sargon of Akkad and mother of Enheduanna. 2. Baranamtarra c. 2. BCE, prominent and influential queen of Lugalanda of Lagash. Other known pre Sargonic queens of the first Lagash dynasty include Menbara abzu, Ashumeeren, Ninkhilisug, Dimtur, and Shagshag, and the names of several princesses are also known. Enheduanna c. 2. BCE,2. 22. 3 the high priestess of the temple of the Moon God in the Sumerian city state of Ur and possibly the first known poet and first named author of either gender. 2. Shibtu c. 1. 77. BC, king Zimrilims consort and queen of the Syrian city state of Mari. During her husbands absence, she ruled as regent of Mari and enjoyed extensive administrative powers as queen. 2. Biology and sex. Photograph of an adult female human, with an adult male for comparison. Note that both models have partially shaved body hair. In terms of biology, the female sex organs are involved in the reproductive system, whereas the secondary sex characteristics are involved in nurturing children or, in some cultures, attracting a mate. The ovaries, in addition to their regulatory function producing hormones, produce female gametes called eggs which, when fertilized by male gametes sperm, form new genetic individuals. The uterus is an organ with tissue to protect and nurture the developing fetus and muscle to expel it when giving birth. The vagina is used in copulation and birthing, although the term vagina is often colloquially and incorrectly used in the English language for the vulva or external female genitalia, which consists of in addition to the vagina the labia, the clitoris, and the female urethra. The breast evolved from the sweat gland to produce milk, a nutritious secretion that is the most distinctive characteristic of mammals, along with live birth. In mature women, the breast is generally more prominent than in most other mammals this prominence, not necessary for milk production, is probably at least partially the result of sexual selection. For other ways in which men commonly differ physically from women, see man. citation neededDuring early fetal development, embryos of both sexes appear gender neutral. As in cases without two sexes, such as species that reproduce asexually, the gender neutral appearance is closer to female than to male.